Tuesday, 16 February 2016

The girl who escaped from Boko Haram

BBC
  • 5 July 2015
  •  
  • From the sectionMagazine
Miriam was kidnapped by Boko Haram, forced to marry a fighter and then raped repeatedly. After managing to escape, she told me her story.
"Is that her real hair?" Miriam whispered to Samson, my Hausa translator. Slightly embarrassed, he relayed the question back to me in English. "Um, yes it is," I said. She looked astonished. Everyone in her community has braids, she explained, whereas my hair looked too straight to plait. She'd never seen anything like it.
I could tell that there was a great deal Miriam wanted to ask me. There was plenty I wanted to ask her too. But we'd met very late in the day, and everyone was exhausted.
Miriam, who's 17, had travelled from her home village several hours' drive away to tell us her story. She was held in captivity by Boko Haram for six months last year. She was forced to marry one of their fighters, who then raped her repeatedly. She is now pregnant with his child. Not that you could tell from her tiny frame, or the swathes of bright material draped across her body and covered by her long floral hijab.
Miriam arrived at our hotel escorted by a young man from her village who knew her family. It was not deemed appropriate for her to stay with him overnight, or to stay here alone. We asked Miriam what she wanted to do and she said, "I want to stay with her," pointing at me.
Miriam and Tulip Mazumdar
Miriam's English was marginally better than my non-existent Hausa. I managed to explain how to use the shower, arranged for her clothes to be laundered and gave her some of mine. She emerged from the shower wrapped in a fluffy white towel, looking like a child. When she pointed at her belly, I realised how heavily pregnant she was.
Later she told me how her community had rejected her since she came out of captivity expecting a child. "I really hope it is a girl. I would love her more than any boy. A boy would always be known as the son of Boko Haram."
It was around 10pm and I stepped outside to gather my thoughts. I was acutely aware of how vulnerable she was. I was also aware that some young women like Miriam have been forced, after months of torture and abuse, to join Boko Haram, and even kill on their demand. I was fearful of what this inquisitive young woman had seen, and how she might cope in these odd new surroundings with me, a total stranger.
In the hotel room, Miriam had fallen asleep, curled in a ball at the bottom of the bed.
I must have dozed off, because the next thing I knew it was 5am, and for Miriam it was time to start the day. She dragged me over to the bathroom and pointed enthusiastically at my make-up bag. She picked up my face powder and signalled for me to apply some, then passed the lipstick and the eyeshadow. She batted her eyelids at me. Before I knew it, I was doing her make-up. Miriam was smiling and laughing and pulling on my hair to confirm it definitely was real.
Perhaps we both briefly forgot what a desperate situation Miriam was in. For a few moments, she was just your average 17-year-old girl messing around with make-up. But it was just a few moments.
Last year, Boko Haram attacked and took over her village. She was taken to a house and kept in a small room with about 40 other women. At first she resisted any marriage, but eventually agreed after four men were brought out in front of her and had their throats slit. "This will happen to any girl who refuses to marry," the militants had told her.
After six months, and one failed escape, Miriam saw another chance to run away. The man she'd been forced to marry had left her alone, and she seized her moment. She ran and ran and ran, and she didn't look back until she was home.
"I took something before I left," she told me. From a knot of material around her waist, Miriam pulled out a hidden SIM card. I couldn't believe her courage. She had taken it from her so-called husband's phone.
We watched its video files. There were villages being set alight, beheadings, dead bodies lying in the streets. A grainy image of a young man emerged, shaking his rifle to celebrate an attack on a village. "My husband," Miriam said. "If he ever sees me again, he will kill me."
The spark I'd seen in her earlier seemed to be fading. "The men in my family are dead," she told me - killed by Boko Haram. "I am just alone with my mum."
Then a light came back - but it seemed more like a blaze of anger. "God will avenge me," she said. "There's nothing more I can say."

More from the Magazine

Soldiers in Baga, Nigeria
A former Nigerian soldier tells Will Ross that, low on ammunition, soldiers are often outgunned and overpowered by better equipped Boko Haram militants.

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Monday, 15 February 2016

Heads warn over pupils' untreated mental health issues



Heads warn over pupils' untreated mental health issues


Unhappy boyImage copyrightBrianAJackson

Children's untreated mental health issues could spiral into psychiatric problems later in life unless more is done in schools, say head teachers.
The National Association of Head Teachers says with a fifth of children having a mental health problem before age 11, it is a key concern.
A snapshot survey of 1,455 English heads suggests two-thirds of primary schools cannot deal with such issues.
The government says it has ring-fenced £1.4bn for children's mental health. 
Russell Hobby, general secretary of the heads' union, NAHT, says: "We know the government is determined to improve children's mental health but there's still a danger that some children will take untreated mental problems into adulthood."

'Vital role'

Mr Hobby said three-quarters of school leaders had reported that they lacked the resources needed to provide the kind of mental health care that children need. 
"Although increasingly common inside secondary schools, almost two-thirds of primary school leaders say that it is difficult to access local mental health professionals," he said. 
"Schools play a vital role in supporting children's mental health and building their resilience - but rising demand, growing complexity and tight budgets can get in the way of helping the children who need it most."
The chief executive of the mental health charity Place2Be, Catherine Roche, said children faced all sorts of challenges, such as coping with parental separation, the illness or death of a loved one, and dealing with substance abuse and domestic violence.
The vast majority of schools were already working hard to support children, she said, adding: "Teachers are not counsellors, and sometimes schools need professional support to make sure that problems in childhood do not spiral into bigger mental health problems later in life."

'Great pressure'

Place2Be and NAHT believe all schools need access to, or should host, professional mental health services, and the government says it wants all schools to make counselling services available to their pupils in time.
But the union's survey revealed that 64% of schools do not have access to a counsellor on site, and three-quarters of these said the most common barrier was financial.
"Although increasingly common in secondary schools, almost two-thirds of primary school leaders say that it is difficult to access local mental health professionals," Mr Hobby said. 
"While we have a better acknowledgement of the extent of mental illness amongst children and young people than ever before, the services that schools, families and children rely on are under great pressure." 
One head teacher who responded to the survey said: "We used to have a counselling service in school which was amazing, but due to budgetary pressures we had to stop this service. Now there is virtually no accessible provision in our area."
Another NAHT head said: "There is a big gap in provision in this area for primary age children. When we feel we need more specialist intervention or advice than we are able to provide, there is not much else to access."
The Department for Education said: "We're at a turning point in how we tackle children's mental health issues and are determined to get it right.
"That's why we're investing £1.4bn over this Parliament to transform mental health support for children and young people, and have also given £1.5m over the last three years to projects involving Place2Be."

E Make Brain! Emojis for Africa

BBC

By Jason Caffrey
  • 12 February 2016
  •  
  • From the sectionAfrica
The Parri Don Start emojiImage copyrightiManagement Consulting
Emoticons have become a staple for African mobile phone users, just as they have in the rest of the world. But anybody who has tried to say "please, don't make me laugh" with an an emoji will know a bright yellow smiley is not always up to the job. A new range of emoticons aimed squarely at Africans aims to solve that problem.
"We tried to create an African app, that actually has really strong images - this is Disney quality animation here," Nigerian-American developer Ayoola Daramola told the BBC.
His newly launched line of emojis - which sit in his app, Afroemojis - features men and women dressed in colourful African clothes, and local expressions in pidgin English, such as "Chai!" ("Wow!"), "Correct!" ("Great job!") and "No dulling!" ("Don't be slow!").
U Don See Alert emojiImage copyrightiManagement Consulting
According to the US-based Pew Research Center, text messaging remains the most common activity for mobile phone users in Africa, and Mr Daramola says his Afrocentric emojis will fill a gap in the market by allowing users to express themselves using characters they can identify with, and everyday local phrases that mean more to them.

Guide to West African pidgin

•E make brain - It makes sense
•Abeg no vex - Please don't be annoyed
•Drop something - Tip some cash
•How market? - How is business?
•Oya shake body - Dance
•U Don See Alert? - Have you seen the bank alert?
•The parri don start? - Has the party started yet?
•Wasere - You did great
•Yawa don gas - We have a problem
•U dey crase? - Are you crazy?

Impressed by the high adoption rate that mobile phones have enjoyed across the African continent, he wanted to create an app that responded to the rapidly changing way Africans are communicating with each other, both at home and abroad.
"This is basically 'send me an African-looking image', right? But I think the evolution of apps and cellphones is going to get a lot more localised.
"You're going to have African apps that are really localised, African-based, really really local to you - chatting applications, video-chat applications, even mobile money-sending apps," Mr Daramola says.
Godwin EmojiImage copyrightiManagement Consulting
The mobile phones that Africans use have typically been designed and built in California or South Korea, and often the apps that run on them don't engage directly with African users - leaving a gap that Mr Daramola is trying to exploit with Afroemojis.
And although his company is based in the US, he says Afroemojis is an African enterprise.

Ayoola Daramola spoke to Newsday on the BBC World Service - listen to his interview here

"It's a business and at the end of the day you do have to make a return on your investment," he says.
"But you know, you hear this about Africa, you hear the other about Africa - but actually capturing things like this and making it look this good, it's just a step in the right direction for Africa as a whole.
"It's a good technological step to show that we're not just dependent on everything else created outside of Africa. But we can actually do it from inside."
Thank God It's Friday emojiImage copyrightiManagement Consulting
As important as the images, is the African-English slang Mr Daramola's emoticons use.
His hope is that Africans will prefer to use a character that says "Any better?", rather than one that asks "Anything good for me?".
And while the 50 characters currently available are predominantly West African, he wants to expand the range of emojis to reflect different African cultures.
Mr Daramola's hope is that millions of people will use and share his emoticons. But that may take a while.
So far, he says, the app has had about 5,000 downloads on android, and on iOS, which is far less widespread in Africa, about 2,000.
"We just launched," he says, "so it's to just watch it actually grow over time."