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V&A's Ethiopian treasures: A crown, a wedding dress and other loot

V&A Museum, Maqdala 1868 display: Crown, gold and gilded copper with glass beads, pigment and fabric, made in Ethiopia, 1600-1850 — Image captionThis crown is admired for its filigree designs and religious embossed images

The UK's Victoria and Albert Museum has offered to return on loan treasures to Ethiopia seized by British troops 150 years ago, including an ornate crown, a royal wedding dress and a gold chalice.

The overture came as some of the objects go on display until June 2019 at the museum in London to mark the anniversary of the Maqdala battle in 1868.

Historians say 15 elephants and 200 mules were needed to cart away all the loot from Maqdala, Emperor Tewodros II's northern citadel capital.

V&A Museum, Maqdala 1868 display: Cotton dress embroidered with silk, said to have belonged to Queen Woyzaro Terunesh, made in the 1860s — Image captionMade in the 1860s, this wedding dress is thought to have belonged to Queen Woyzaro Terunesh

Ethiopia lodged a formal request in 2008 at various British institutions for the return of the treasures worth millions of dollars taken from Maqdala.

V&A director Tristram Hunt has reiterated that the items would remain the property of the museum but said they could be sent back home on "long-term loan".

Maqdala 1868

In the mid-19th Century Emperor Tewodros decided to modernise his empire, Abyssinia, by opening up relations with the UK
But things deteriorated after requests for military assistance were ignored
In protest the emperor detained the British consul and other foreigners
Britain reacted by sending an army to the emperor's fortress in Maqdala
Rather than become a prisoner, Emperor Tewodros took his own life
British forces left with manuscripts, crowns, crosses, chalices, religious icons, royal and ecclesiastic vestments, shields and arms
The emperor's seven-year-old son was also taken to Britain and then educated at Rugby School:

Maqdala 1868 display: Prince Alámayou, photograph, taken on the Isle of Wight, by Julia Margaret Cameron, July 1868

He died of pleurisy at 18 and is buried at Windsor Castle - the Ethiopian government has requested his remains be returned
The UK treasury deposited a gold crown and chalice at the V&A in 1872
The rest of the V&A's collection relating to Maqdala came later via private donations and purchases.

Mr Hunt told The Art Newspaper that the offer had been made to the ambassador at Ethiopia's embassy in London, which advised the V&A in its preparations for the exhibition, which opens on Thursday.

Ambassador Hailemichael Aberra Afework is quoted by the UK's Guardian newspaper as saying: "We are delighted with the new partnership between Ethiopia and the V&A and look forward to working together in the future to our mutual benefit."

The V&A says the 20 exhibits going on display will allow a new audience to appreciate the beauty of their craftsmanship, with examples of intricate and skilled metalwork and textiles, and to reflect on their controversial history.

V&A Museum, Maqdala 1868 display: L: Ethiopian silver leather and amber necklace formerly in the possession of Queen Terunesh R: Gold chalice with incised inscription, made by Walda Giyorgis, Gonder, Ethiopia, 1732-1740 — Image captionOther items on display are a necklace that belonged to Queen Terunesh and a solid gold chalice

The display will also have some of the earliest examples of military photography in the UK, which the museum says was the precursor to modern photojournalism.

V&A Museum, Maqdala 1868 display: Maqdala church photograph by the Royal Engineers, Albumen print — Image captionThis image of a church in Maqdala was photographed by the Royal Engineers

Generation X

Thursday 5 April 2018